Ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, dịka mmụba nke ọchịchọ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, mgbanwe ọnụahịa mmanụ na nsogbu ihu igwe, emeela ka ọtụtụ mba mee omume mgbanwe nke mmepụta na oriri ike. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa anọwo na-agbalịsi ike ịbụ ndị na-ebute ụzọ n'ọrụ ahụ, mana ụzọ mgbanwe obere carbon nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị iche iche dị iche: ụlọ ọrụ Europe na-emepe ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, fotovoltaic, hydrogen na ike mmeghari ohuru ndị ọzọ, ebe ụlọ ọrụ America na-amụba nhazi nke ijide na nchekwa carbon (CCS) na teknụzụ carbon ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma, a ga-agbanwekwa ụzọ dị iche iche ka ọ bụrụ ike na ike nke mgbanwe obere carbon. Kemgbe 2022, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa dị mkpa emeela atụmatụ ọhụrụ dabere na mmụba dị ukwuu na ọnụọgụgụ nke azụmaahịa obere carbon na ọrụ itinye ego kpọmkwem n'afọ gara aga.
Mmepe ike hydrogen abụrụla ihe ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa kwenyere.
Ọ bụ isi ihe na ebe siri ike maka mgbanwe ike njem, mmanụ ụgbọala dị ọcha na nke na-enweghị carbon na-aghọ isi ihe na-akpata mgbanwe ike. Dịka ebe dị mkpa maka mgbanwe njem, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa na-eji ike hydrogen akpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu.
Na Jenụwarị afọ a, Total Energy kwupụtara na ya na ụlọ ọrụ ike mmeghari ohuru a ma ama n'ụwa niile bụ Masdar na Siemens Energy Company ga-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta ma mepụta ebe ngosi hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ maka mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adịgide adịgide na Abu Dhabi, ma kwalite ohere azụmaahịa nke hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ka mmanụ decarbonization dị mkpa n'ọdịnihu. Na Machị, Total Energy bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. iji jikọọ aka mepụta usoro njem gburugburu ebe obibi maka gwongworo dị arọ nke hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ, ma kwalite decarbonization nke njem ibu okporo ụzọ na EU. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme atụmatụ ịrụ ọrụ ruo ọdụ mmanụ hydrogen 150 ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè na Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg na France ka ọ na-erule 2030.
Pan Yanlei, onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ Total Energy, kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị njikere ịmepụta hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ọtụtụ ebe, ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dịkwa njikere iji ego ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mee ka atụmatụ hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Agbanyeghị, ebe ọ bụ na a tụlee ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik, a gaghị etinye uche na mmepe ahụ na Europe.
Bp na Oman nwere nkwekọrịta iji mụbaa nnukwu itinye ego na Oman, zụlite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na nkà teknụzụ, jikọta ike mmeghari ohuru na hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dabere na azụmaahịa gas eke, ma kwalite ebumnuche ike dị ala nke Oman. Bp ga-ewukwa ebe etiti hydrogen obodo na Aberdeen, Scotland, ma wuo ebe mmepụta, nchekwa na nkesa hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ a na-agbasa n'ụzọ atọ.
A rụpụtala ọrụ hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ kacha ukwuu na Shell na China. Ọrụ a nwere otu n'ime ngwaọrụ mmepụta hydrogen kachasị ukwuu site na mmiri elektrọlizi n'ụwa, na-enye hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ maka ụgbọ ala hydrogen cell cell na Zhangjiakou Division n'oge asọmpi oyi nke Beijing nke 2022. Shell kwupụtara mmekorita ya na GTT France iji jikọọ aka mepụta teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke nwere ike imezu njem hydrogen mmiri mmiri, gụnyere nhazi mbụ nke ụgbọ mmiri hydrogen mmiri mmiri. N'usoro mgbanwe ike, ọchịchọ maka hydrogen ga-abawanye, ụlọ ọrụ mbupu ga-emezukwa nnukwu mbugharị hydrogen mmiri mmiri, nke na-enyere aka ịmepụta usoro ọkọnọ hydrogen dị egwu.
Na mba Amerịka, Chevron na Iwatani kwupụtara nkwekọrịta iji jikọọ aka rụpụta ma wuo ebe mgbanye mmanụ hydrogen 30 na California ka ọ na-erule afọ 2026. ExxonMobil na-eme atụmatụ iwu ụlọ ọrụ hydrogen na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na Baytown Refining and Chemical Complex na Texas, ma n'otu oge ahụ wuo otu n'ime ọrụ CCS kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.
Saudi Arabia na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala mba Thailand (PTT) jikọrọ aka mepụta ubi hydrogen na hydrogen akwụkwọ ndụ ma kwalite ọrụ ike dị ọcha ndị ọzọ.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa dị ukwuu emeela ka mmepe nke ike hydrogen dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, kwalite ike hydrogen ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara dị mkpa n'usoro mgbanwe ike, ma nwee ike iweta mgbanwe ike ọhụrụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na Europe na-eme ka nhazi mmepụta ike ọhụrụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa
Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị na Yuropu na-achọsi ike ịmepụta isi mmalite ike ọhụrụ dịka hydrogen, ike fotovoltaic na ike ikuku.
Gọọmentị US ewepụtala ebumnuche nke iwulite ike ikuku 30 GW n'èzí ka ọ na-erule afọ 2030, na-adọta ndị mmepe gụnyere nnukwu ike Europe ka ha sonye na ntinye aka ahụ. Total Energy meriri n'ọrụ maka ọrụ ike ikuku 3 GW n'ụsọ oké osimiri New Jersey, ma na-eme atụmatụ ịmalite mmepụta na 2028, ma guzobe njikọ aka iji mepụta ike ikuku 3 GW n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ọtụtụ ebe na United States. Bp bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Norwegian National Oil Company iji gbanwee South Brooklyn Marine Terminal na New York ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọrụ na mmezi nke ụlọ ọrụ ike ikuku ụsọ oké osimiri.
Na Scotland, Total Energy nwetara ikike ịmepụta ọrụ ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke nwere ikike 2 GW, nke a ga-emepụta ya na Green Investment Group (GIG) na Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). EnBW meriekwara asọmpi maka ọrụ ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ Scotland. Ike a na-atụ anya ya bụ 2.9 GW, nke zuru oke iji nye ihe karịrị ezinụlọ nde atọ ọkụ eletrik dị ọcha. Bp na-ezubekwa iji ụdị azụmaahịa agbakwunyere iji nye ọkụ eletrik dị ọcha nke ugbo ikuku na-emepụta na netwọk chaja ụgbọala eletrik nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Scotland. Mmekọrịta abụọ ahụ na Shell Scottish Power Company nwetakwara ikike mmepe abụọ maka ọrụ ike ikuku na-ese n'elu mmiri na Scotland, nke nwere ikike 5 GW.
Na Eshia, bp ga-arụkọ ọrụ na Marubeni, otu ndị Japan na-emepụta ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri, iji sonye na asọmpi maka ọrụ ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Japan, ma guzobe otu ndị ọrụ mmepe ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Tokyo. Shell ga-akwalite ọrụ ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke 1.3 GW na South Korea. Shell zụtakwara Springng Energy nke India site na ụlọ ọrụ itinye ego ya niile na mba ofesi, nke bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ike ikuku na anyanwụ na India na-eto ngwa ngwa. Shell kwuru na nnweta a buru ibu mere ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na mgbanwe ike zuru oke.
Na mba Ọstrelia, Shell kwupụtara na Febụwarị 1 na ya emechaala ịzụta ụlọ ahịa ike nke mba Australia Powershop, nke gbasaara itinye ego ya na akụ na teknụzụ na-enweghị carbon na obere carbon na mba Australia. Dịka akụkọ nke ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ 2022 si kwuo, Shell nwetakwara òkè 49% na onye na-emepụta ugbo ikuku nke mba Australia bụ Zephyr Energy, ma na-eme atụmatụ ịmepụta azụmaahịa mmepụta ike na-enweghị carbon na mba Australia.
N'ihe gbasara ike anyanwụ, Total Energy zụtara SunPower, ụlọ ọrụ America, maka nde US$250 iji gbasaa azụmaahịa mmepụta ike ya na United States. Na mgbakwunye, Total eguzobela mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ Nippon Oil iji gbasaa azụmaahịa mmepụta ike ya na-ekesa na anyanwụ na Eshia.
Lightsource bp, otu ụlọ ọrụ BP jikọrọ aka, nwere olileanya imecha nnukwu ọrụ ike anyanwụ nke nwere ike 1 GW na France ka ọ na-erule afọ 2026 site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-arụkọkwa ọrụ na Contact Energy, otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze kachasị ukwuu na New Zealand, na ọtụtụ ọrụ ike anyanwụ na New Zealand.
Ebumnuche Net Zero Emission na-akwalite mmepe teknụzụ CCUS/CCS
N'adịghị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ndị dị na Yuropu, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ndị Amerịka na-elekwasị anya n'iji carbon eme ihe, iji ya eme ihe na nchekwa (CCUS) na obere ihe gbasara ike mmeghari ohuru dịka ike anyanwụ na mmepụta ike ifufe.
Ná mmalite afọ a, ExxonMobil kwere nkwa ibelata ikuku carbon nke azụmahịa ya zuru ụwa ọnụ ruo efu ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050, ma na-eme atụmatụ imefu ego ruru ijeri dọla iri na ise na itinye ego na mgbanwe ike ndụ n'ime afọ isii sochirinụ. Na nkeji mbụ, ExxonMobil ruru mkpebi itinye ego ikpeazụ. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-etinye nde dọla iri anọ ($400) iji gbasaa ebe a na-ejide carbon na Labaki, Wyoming, nke ga-agbakwunye nde tọn otu na ọkara ($1.2) ọzọ na ikike ijide carbon kwa afọ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde tọn asaa.
Chevron tinyere ego na Carbon Clean, ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na teknụzụ CCUS, ma soro Earth Restoration Foundation rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta oke ọhịa carbon sink dị hekta 8,800 na Louisiana dị ka ọrụ mbụ ya nke carbon off. Chevron sonyeere Global Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), ma rụkọọ ọrụ nke ọma na teknụzụ mmanụ na carbon ijide n'ọdịnihu iji kwalite ụlọ ọrụ mbupu iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ efu. Na Mee, Chevron bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nghọta na Tallas Energy Company iji guzobe njikọ aka iji mepụta ——Bayou Bend CCS, ụlọ ọrụ CCS dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Texas.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Chevron na ExxonMobil bịanyere aka n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba Indonesia (Pertamina) iji chọpụta ohere azụmaahịa na-enweghị obere carbon na Indonesia.
Nnwale ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Total Energy nke 3D na-egosi usoro ọhụrụ nke ijide carbon dioxide site na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọrụ a na Dunkirk na-achọ ịchọpụta ngwọta teknụzụ njide carbon a na-emegharị emegharị ma bụrụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji belata carbon.
CCUS bụ otu n'ime teknụzụ ndị dị mkpa iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ ọgụ, ọ bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngwọta ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mba dị iche iche n'ụwa niile na-eji teknụzụ a eme ihe ọhụrụ iji mepụta ohere maka mmepe nke akụ na ụba ike ọhụrụ.
Na mgbakwunye, na 2022, Total Energy tinyekwara mbọ maka mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-adịgide adịgide (SAF), ebe ikpo okwu Normandy ya amalitela imepụta SAF nke ọma. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkọkwa ọrụ na Nippon Oil Company iji mepụta SAF.
Dịka ụzọ dị mkpa isi mee mgbanwe obere carbon site n'inweta ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa, Total tinyere 4 GW nke ike mmeghari ohuru site n'inweta American Core Solar. Chevron kwupụtara na ya ga-enweta REG, otu ike mmeghari ohuru, maka ijeri $3.15, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu nzọ na ike ọzọ ruo ugbu a.
Ọnọdụ mba ụwa dị mgbagwoju anya na ọnọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe akwụsịbeghị ọsọ mgbanwe ike nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa. "World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" na-akọ na mgbanwe ike ụwa enweela ọganihu. N'ihi nchegbu nke ọha mmadụ, ndị na-ekenye òkè, wdg. na mmụba nke ego itinye ego na ike ọhụrụ, mgbanwe ike nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ mba ụwa na-aga n'ihu nke ọma ma na-ahụ na nchekwa ogologo oge nke ike na ihe eji emepụta ihe.
Oge ozi: Julaị-04-2022