Ngwa ọrụ ịgba ala bụ usoro ejikọtara ọnụ nke na-egwu olulu mmiri, dịka olulu mmanụ ma ọ bụ gas, n'ime ala dị n'okpuru ala.
Ngwa ọrụ igwu ala nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu ihe owuwu ebe a na-eji gwuo olulu mmanụ, ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri ndị na-ewepụta gas eke. Ngwa ọrụ igwu ala nwere ike ịlele ebe a na-etinye mineral n'okpuru ala, nkume nnwale, ala na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala, a pụkwara iji ya tinye ihe ndị e ji arụ ala n'okpuru ala, dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala, ngwaọrụ, ọwara ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri. Ngwa ọrụ igwu ala nwere ike ịbụ ngwa ọrụ mkpanaka nke a na-etinye n'elu gwongworo, ụzọ ma ọ bụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ala na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ nke dị n'oké osimiri (dịka ikpo okwu mmanụ, nke a na-akpọkarị 'ngwa ọrụ mmanụ n'èzí osimiri' ọbụlagodi na ha enweghị ngwa ọrụ igwu ala).
Ngwa ọrụ igwu ala dị obere ruo ọkara na-agagharị agagharị, dịka nke e ji eme nchọpụta ihe ndị dị n'ime ala, olulu mmiri, olulu mmiri na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngwa ọrụ ndị buru ibu nwere ike igwu ala ruo ọtụtụ puku mita nke ihe dị n'ime ụwa, na-eji nnukwu "pumps apịtị" agbasa apịtị (slurry) site na ihe eji egwu mmiri na elu ihe mkpuchi ahụ, maka ịjụ oyi na iwepụ "mbepụ" mgbe a na-egwu olulu mmiri.
Ihe e ji ebuli elu n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nwere ike ibuli ọtụtụ narị tọn paịpụ. Ngwa ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịmanye asịd ma ọ bụ ájá n'ime ebe a na-echekwa mmanụ ma ọ bụ gas iji mee ka ọ dị mfe iwepụ; n'ebe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ enwere ike inwe ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide na ebe a na-elekọta ndị ọrụ (nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe karịrị otu narị).
Ngwa ọrụ ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ puku kilomita site na ebe a na-enye ihe, mana ọ naghị abụkarị ndị ọrụ na-agbagharị ma ọ bụ na-agbagharị n'elu ígwè.
Anyị nwere ike inye igwe egwu rigs site na omimi mita 500-9000, ma nke tebụl rotary na sistemụ draịva elu na-eduzi, gụnyere igwe egwu skid mounted rig, igwe egwu ...
